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18 FEMA National Risk Index hazards

Prepare your home

A checklist for each hazard FEMA rates: what to do before the season, when a warning comes, and after. See which counties are rated highest, then check your own.

Strong wind

Damaging straight-line winds from thunderstorms and other non-tornado wind events.

1,516 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Lightning

Lightning strikes that cause fires and damage to buildings and electronics.

1,364 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Winter weather

Snow, sleet, freezing rain and blizzards.

1,235 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Ice storm

Freezing rain that coats trees and power lines and causes long outages.

1,200 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Drought

Long dry periods that hurt crops and, around homes, shift soils and stress wells and landscapes.

1,132 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Tornado

Tornado damage NRI models from historical tornado paths and widths.

1,105 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Cold wave

Rapid, prolonged drops to extreme cold.

1,087 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Inland flooding

River, stream and rainfall flooding away from the coast (NRI’s riverine or inland flooding hazard).

851 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Hail

Hailstorm damage to buildings, crops and vehicles.

848 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Heat wave

Periods of extreme heat that strain people, power grids and cooling equipment.

660 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Hurricane

Tropical cyclone wind and the losses NRI models from historical storm tracks.

443 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Landslide

Rock, earth and debris moving down slopes.

402 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Wildfire

Wildfire likelihood and exposure where wildland vegetation meets homes.

349 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Earthquake

Ground shaking from earthquakes.

311 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Coastal flooding

Flooding of coastal land from storm surge, high tides and waves.

198 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Avalanche

Snow avalanches in mountain terrain.

147 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Volcanic activity

Eruptions and related hazards such as ashfall and lahars.

23 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher
Tsunami

Large ocean waves from undersea earthquakes and landslides.

21 counties rated Relatively Moderate or higher